Quantum technology

Quantum technologies are a dynamic field of research and development with enormous potential for future information, sensor, simulation and communication technologies. Following ground-breaking successes in the laboratory, the focus is now on realisation, integration and transfer to the real world. These technologies are located at the interface between physics, mathematics and computer science and offer a completely new perspective on information and technology. They are based on the principles of quantum mechanics, which describe the behaviour of matter at the atomic and subatomic level. The theoretical concepts such as superposition, entanglement and tunnelling enable innovative applications that go far beyond the possibilities of conventional technologies. The most promising applications include quantum computers, quantum communication networks, quantum sensors and quantum cryptography.

The special feature of quantum computers is their extraordinary computing power. Conventional computers work with bits that can either have the value 0 or 1. In contrast, quantum computers use so-called qubits. Thanks to the principle of superposition, qubits can simultaneously assume the states 0, 1 and all intermediate values. This ability enables quantum computers to perform many calculations in parallel and therefore solve complex problems much faster than conventional computers.

In recent years, Baden-Württemberg has recognised that quantum technology is not only of scientific interest, but also of considerable economic interest. Through targeted investment and co-operation between science and industry, the state is striving to play a leading role in the development and application of quantum technology. Baden-Württemberg is ideally positioned to actively shape and benefit from the revolutionary developments in the broad field of quantum science. Thanks to already established networks, excellent quantum research at universities and non-university research institutions as well as internationally leading high-tech companies and start-ups, the state is predestined to make significant contributions to national and European initiatives in quantum technology.

The first steps have already been taken: on 1 October, the first Quantum Data Centre in Europe was opened by IBM in Ehningen.

Baden-Württemberg as a location for quantum technology

As the quantum strategy of the state of Baden-Württemberg shows, the field of quantum computing is considered to have considerable market and value creation potential. Although market forecasts are still uncertain due to the early stage of development, it is expected that a global market volume of USD 450 to 850 billion will be created in the next 15 to 30 years. By contrast, in the field of quantum sensor technology, the availability of industrially usable, robust sensors is expected within the next three to five years. Initial estimates predict that the quantum sensor market will be worth USD 2.2 billion by 2028 .

The state government of Baden-Württemberg recognised the potential of quantum technology early on and has invested over 115 million euros in projects and infrastructure measures since 2019. Thanks to their internationally recognised expertise, the participating scientists and network partners in Baden-Württemberg are also extremely successful in numerous federal and EU-funded collaborative projects.

The state is characterised by its excellent research institutes, such as the Centre for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQST). Institutions such as these work closely with industry to develop innovative applications in quantum communication, sensor technology and computing. In addition, there is strong networking between universities, research institutions and companies, which promotes technology transfer and the training of specialists. This combination of scientific excellence and economic innovation makes Baden-Württemberg a pioneer in quantum research.

Economic potential of quantum technology in Baden-Württemberg

The economic utilisation of quantum technology offers immense opportunities for Baden-Württemberg, as it could transform numerous industries. The following sectors in particular stand to benefit from the quantum revolution:

• Automotive industry: Baden-Württemberg is home to major automotive groups. Quantum computing could play a decisive role in the optimisation of production processes, the development of new materials and battery technologies as well as in the simulation of vehicle behaviour and traffic dynamics.
• Pharmaceutical research and the chemical industry: Quantum computers can be used to simulate molecular structures and chemical reactions more precisely, which could significantly accelerate the development of new drugs and materials.
• Logistics and production: Optimisation problems, such as those that occur in logistics or production, can be solved much faster and more efficiently with the help of quantum computers.
• Finance: In the financial sector, quantum algorithms could be used to assess risk and optimise portfolios.

There are also significant opportunities in the IT and communications sector. Quantum communication could, for example, set new standards for data security in the telecommunications industry and thus protect not only companies but also public administration.

Challenges and outlook

Although the potential of quantum technology is huge, there are still numerous challenges. The technology is still at an early stage and the development of practical and commercially viable quantum computers is still in its infancy. Significant further investment in research is required and many technical hurdles, such as the stabilisation of qubits and the development of error-correcting algorithms, still need to be overcome.

Nevertheless, great efforts are being made worldwide to advance quantum technology. Baden-Württemberg has the opportunity to establish itself as a pioneer. The state could play a key role in future quantum technology through the targeted promotion of companies and research institutions as well as the development of a strong scientific and economic infrastructure.

Conclusion

Quantum science and quantum technology not only represent a fascinating field of scientific research, but also harbour enormous economic potential. There are many opportunities for Baden-Württemberg in this field, particularly in the automotive industry, cyber security, pharmaceutical research and the IT industry. Through strategic cooperation between research and industry, the federal state can play a leading role in the global development of quantum technology.